In the 1950s, NASA was starting to work with what we now know as computers—but most male engineers and scientists did not trust these machines, believing them to … He left NASA in 1983 to become legal counsel to the U.S. Committee for Energy Awareness. Styles Bridges (1898-1961) (R-NH) had served as governor of his state, 1935-1937, and was elected to the Senate in 1936. On Dec. 14, 1962 the spacecraft flew within 21,000 miles of Venus, sending back valuable new information about the solar wind, and our sister planetâs temperature and atmosphere. See "J.L. See "Allnutt, Robert F.," Biographical File, NASA Historical Reference Collection, NASA History Office, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC. Willy Brandt (1913-1992) was Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1969-1974. He was director of the Goddard Space Flight Center from 1965 until he retired in 1976. Electrical engineers Walt Brown, Wayne Kohl and Ed Greenberg developed the fundamentals of spacecraft command and data handling by putting together an electronic system to take in telemetry and commands from Earth, prepare data for transmission back, process information from all subsystems and payloads, carry out commanded maneuvers and manage the collection of solar power and charging of the batteries, among other things. 12-14, 67-68, 131-132. In 1941 he helped to organize the Office of Strategic Services and later became the director of the Economic Cooperation mission, charged with the task of administering the Marshall Plan. Mac C. Adams (1925-1995) began his professional career in 1949 as an aeronautical engineer at NACAs Langley Aeronautical Laboratory (now NASAs Langley Research Center). After graduating from Venice High School in California, he joined the Navy in 1951 and began flight training the following year. At Czarnecki's urging, she took engineering classes, and, after being promoted to aeronautical engineer in 1958, Jackson officially became NASA’s first Black female engineer. Allen Frances Donovan (1914- ) was an accomplished aeronautical engineer who worked for several aeronautical firms between 1936 and 1946, and headed the aeronautical mechanics department at Cornell University 1946-1955. During that time, the center built 19 major wind tunnels and conducted extensive flight research, including the blunt-body research necessary for returning spacecraft from orbit to the earth's atmosphere without burning up. He spent some years with Fairchild Engine Division and as general manager of Curtiss-Wright's Turbomotor Division before becoming research director of Drexel Institute of Technology in 1958. He became a vice president and director of Avco Corporation, 1959-60, and then director and chairman of its executive committee in 1960. The complexity of the equations, coupled with the large numbers that represented the extraordinarily strong gravitational field near the black holes, caused even the most sophisticated supercomputers to crash. He then worked for Beckman Instruments, Inc., but in 1973 President Nixon appointed him Director of Defense Research & Engineering in the Department of Defense, where he served until returning to Hughes in 1977. Anatoliy P. Aleksandrov (1903- ) was a senior member of the of the Soviet Union's Academy of Sciences throughout much of the 1950s and 1960s and served as its president in 1980-1986. The data returned was stunning, revealing a subsurface network of ancient drainage channels beneath the sands of the Sahara, among other things. 1987, p. 2; Donald MacKenzie, Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance [Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990], esp. âAs a scientist, you have most to learn when you see things you had not expected to see and with Voyager there was just a flood of discoveries at every encounter,â pointed out Ed Stone, who has served as project scientist from the beginning, even during his directorship of JPL from 1991 to 2001. 64-94; C. Stark Draper, "The Evolution of Aerospace Guidance Technology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1935-1951: A Memoir," Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics, R. Cargill Hall, ed. After World War II Dornberger came to the United States and assisted the Department of Defense with the development of ballistic missiles. His work in the 1920s on measuring turbulence in wind tunnels facilitated research in the NACA that produced the laminar flow wings used in the P-51 Mustang and other World War II aircraft.
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