transistor, silicon controlled rectifier (, US Patent 3,213,321: Miniature differential circuit breaker, Reader's Digest Wiring and Lighting Manual, 100 Questions & Answers on Electrical Safety, Watch a hacker fry a hair dryer with her radio, US Patent: 9,148,010 B2: Residual current device (RCD) with earth current sensing, Alternating current flows back and forth through the live wire (, As it does so, it induces (creates) a magnetic field in the iron core, just like in a transformer (, Meanwhile, an opposite alternating current is also flowing back and forth through the neutral wire If it detects electricity flowing down an unintended path, such as through a person who has touched a live part, the RCD will switch the circuit off very quickly, significantly reducing the risk of death or serious injury. "Safety Switch" may give the impression of total protection, which it does not give. Please do NOT copy our articles onto blogs and other websites. just the blink of an eye for a current that's doing you a favor to change its mind, zap through your An RCD helps to protect against electric shock when current flows through a person from a phase (live / line / hot) to earth. RCDs used on single-phase AC supplies (two current paths), such as domestic power, are usually one- or two-pole designs, also known as single- and double-pole. Very professional and personable electrician came to see us. Fixed RCD’s have been proven as the most effective method of protecting against severe electric shock. Some exceptions exist e.g. The US National Electrical Code has required devices in certain locations to be protected by GFCIs since the 1960s. So much current leaked along the length of the conductors' insulation that the breaker might trip with the slightest increase of current imbalance. Occasionally an in-line RCD may be used to serve a similar function to one in a plug. d) For an installation other than the installation in (a), (b) and (c), protection against earth leakage current must be provided by a residual current device of sensitivity not exceeding 100 mA. For example, if you cut through the cable when mowing the lawn and accidentally touched the exposed live wires or a faulty appliance overheats causing electric current to flow to earth. [4] By detecting small leakage currents (typically 5–30 mA) and disconnecting quickly enough (<30 milliseconds), they may prevent electrocution. How Does an RCD Work? Since 1 May 1984, RCDs are mandatory for all rooms with a bath tub or a shower. An RCD constantly monitors the electric current flowing through one or more circuits it is used to protect. The standard device used in South Africa is indeed a hybrid of ELPD and RCCB.[24]. magnetic fields, while magnetic fields can cause electric While the RCD is vital to electrical safety, it cannot (as noted above) protect against all active-to-neutral electrocutions. For the financial center ranking, see, RCD with additional overcurrent protection circuitry (RCBO or GFCI breaker), RCD with additional arc fault protection circuitry, Type, or mode (types of current leakage issue detected), BEAMA RCD Handbook - Guide to the Selection and Application of RCDs, Charles F. Dalziel, Transistorized ground-fault interrupter reduces shock hazard, IEEE Spectrum, January 1970, The Professional Engineer, Official Journal of the Federation of Societies of Professional Engineers of South Africa, pp 67, Vol 6(2) 1977, Earl W. Roberts, Overcurrents and Undercurrents – All about GFCIs: Electrical Safety Advances through Electronics, Mystic Publications, Mystic CT, 1996, Edward L. Owen, Power System Grounding Part II: RCD & GFCI, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, July/August 1996, Forging ahead: South Africa’s Pioneering Engineers, G R Bozzoli, Witwatersrand University Press, 1997, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Construction eTool | Electrical Incidents - Ground-fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration", Explanation on voltimum.com.au, by specialist Ian Richardson, http://docs-asia.electrocomponents.com/webdocs/01e3/0900766b801e3b4d.pdf, SAA Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000:2007, Including Amendments 1 & 2, "GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS", "Microsoft Word - ELCI White Paper September 1 2010.DOC", The Importance of Installing Earth Leakage Units, "What is an RCD and How Does it Work?
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